Prentice Hall Literature Bronze Level Poetry Words Flashcard

Prentice Hall Literature: Bronze Level: Poetry Words

Free Essays on Aphrodite

Aphrodite’s Vanity Aphrodite was the goddess of love in Greece. She was also said to have been the most beautiful of all the Goddesses and to have been born from sea foam. Although she was beautiful, some saw her as treacherous and malicious. She was known to have a bewitching power over men that more times than not brought about their own destruction. Aphrodite also involved herself on several occasions with the affairs of the Gods and Goddesses on Mount Olympus, as well as the Greek mortals. Aphrodite was legendary for her beauty, but she was also very vain. It was her vanity that started the Trojan War. The day of Peleus and Thetis’s wedding ceremony, all gods and goddesses were invited to attend, all except Eris, the goddess of Discord. Feeling very insulted Eris set out revenge on the newly wed couple. She devised a plan to bring turmoil to the couple’s wedding day. When the sun set, the feast began. She waited until the last dish to roll a golden apple into the hall. Everyone took notice at the vividly sparkling apple. A wedding attendant picked it up and read the inscription â€Å"For the fairest.† All the Goddesses immediately broke out into an argument of who deserved the apple. Soon there were just three choices left Athena, Hera and Aphrodite. The three Goddesses asked Zeus to be the judge, and award the apple to the most deserving. Zeus was far too wise to involve himself in such a thing. He quickly suggested they send Hermes; messenger of the gods, to Troy where Paris, the son of King Priam could be found on Mount Ida. Because of a prophecy warning that his son would one day be the ruin of Troy, he sent Paris to live as a shepherd. Hermes appeared to Paris and told him he must travel with him to Mount Olympus where he was to perform his task for Zeus. Paris did as he was told and left Mount Ida with Hermes. He soon arrived on Olympus and was told by Zeus to award the golden apple to the fairest of the three... Free Essays on Aphrodite Free Essays on Aphrodite Aphrodite’s Vanity Aphrodite was the goddess of love in Greece. She was also said to have been the most beautiful of all the Goddesses and to have been born from sea foam. Although she was beautiful, some saw her as treacherous and malicious. She was known to have a bewitching power over men that more times than not brought about their own destruction. Aphrodite also involved herself on several occasions with the affairs of the Gods and Goddesses on Mount Olympus, as well as the Greek mortals. Aphrodite was legendary for her beauty, but she was also very vain. It was her vanity that started the Trojan War. The day of Peleus and Thetis’s wedding ceremony, all gods and goddesses were invited to attend, all except Eris, the goddess of Discord. Feeling very insulted Eris set out revenge on the newly wed couple. She devised a plan to bring turmoil to the couple’s wedding day. When the sun set, the feast began. She waited until the last dish to roll a golden apple into the hall. Everyone took notice at the vividly sparkling apple. A wedding attendant picked it up and read the inscription â€Å"For the fairest.† All the Goddesses immediately broke out into an argument of who deserved the apple. Soon there were just three choices left Athena, Hera and Aphrodite. The three Goddesses asked Zeus to be the judge, and award the apple to the most deserving. Zeus was far too wise to involve himself in such a thing. He quickly suggested they send Hermes; messenger of the gods, to Troy where Paris, the son of King Priam could be found on Mount Ida. Because of a prophecy warning that his son would one day be the ruin of Troy, he sent Paris to live as a shepherd. Hermes appeared to Paris and told him he must travel with him to Mount Olympus where he was to perform his task for Zeus. Paris did as he was told and left Mount Ida with Hermes. He soon arrived on Olympus and was told by Zeus to award the golden apple to the fairest of the three...

Business Ethics from Profit domain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Ethics from Profit domain - Essay Example Business Ethics from Profit domain Business ethics is concerned with how businesses relate with the globe at large as well as their one-on-one relationship with their individual customers. Most business across the globe has earned bad reputation as a result of just being in the world of business. In the eyes of most people, the bottom line of business in making money, and this action is referred to as capitalism. Indeed, it is not wrong to have a means of generating money in the business world, but the manner in which it is being done is what counts, hence, a concern in business ethical behavior. It is conflicting to resolve the existing tension between a philosopher who believes in ethics in business and a money minded business owner. To fine the conflict the paper will look at three different ways that will lead the business world into business ethical standards (Chryssides and Kaler, 12-13). Business Ethics from Profit domain There has been an argument that business and ethics have a symbiotic correlation in which naturally ethics emerges from the businesses which are profit oriented. As a result of this, there are two ways of explaining the ethical standards. One, the application of good ethics in the business results to successful business. In general, it means that when businesses practice moral standards, they earn profits. However, this is not usually the case; for instance, making of safe products is profitable since product liability is decreased. In addition, businesses are profitable if employees privacy is respected, since there will be increased motivation hence efficiency. (Hartley, 44), Argues that, the only way a business can earn long-term interests, it’s by seeking trust from the public. However, this version has its weakness; for instance, most business that upholds moral practice will attain an economic advantage in the long run only. Little incentives are provided to businesses that seek profits within a short time. In addition some business morals may not be economi cally viable whether in the long run or short term. On the other hand, moral business depends on what it is being the product or service that will earn the business good profit. Therefore, the conflict that exists between business ethics and profits is incidental. The Second way is that, the profit motive in a free market which is competitive will bring about business ethics. Meaning that, if safe products are demanded by consumers, or if employees demand for their privacy, then consumers will purchase from or the individuals would wish to be employed in business that have their demand. It is therefore obvious that, good businesses lead to standard ethics, when business standards are observed by individuals involved in the business it is automatic to attract the consumers. However, the assumption that consumers and employees will demand there need to be met is challenging. The consumers may desire poor products if they are making a saving and the employees will forego their needs if they are compensated with high pays. It is important to note that not every ethical behavior in a business will lead to profitability. Business Ethics against laws The other strategy of business ethics is that the ethical obligation in a business encounters laws constrains. Across the globe, morality from the westernized has been put into legal laws such as harassments, killings and fraud. For

Customer Relationship Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Customer Relationship Management - Assignment Example CRM is often referred to as ‘relationship marketing’ (Parvatiyar & Sheth, 2001, p. 3) and has much to do with customer acquisition and retention. These processes should, in their turn, be addressed by the whole organization as those playing a key role in organizational success. In addition, modern CRM is the approach that makes companies not simply sell products, but fulfill the needs of the clients by means of creating value. Creating value, in its turn, though is a marketing concept, works as a strategy for building certain relationships with the clients and, in such a way, creating a competitive advantage for the company. The goal of any business is to bring profit via providing clients with goods or services. However, as competition in the globalized market is continuously becoming more and more fierce, companies have to be continuously developing and changing in order to remain competitive. Therefore, the quality of goods and services, the value they bring to the cu stomers and customer satisfaction are the tools for creating competitive advantage in the market.  The value that the good or service carries is to satisfy both the immediate physical and mental needs of a client. Creating value, in its turn, builds customer loyalty that is then expressed in increased sales and profit for the company (Reichheld & Teal, 1996, p. 3). A quite similar is the purpose of achieving customer satisfaction. A satisfied and happy client is more likely to return and purchase the goods or services of the business again. This is directly related to the company’s profit and, hence, opportunities for further growth and development. With the development of social media and communication technologies word of mouth has become an important tool for building a company’s image and brand identity. First of all, since the world has become more interconnected, it is easier for businesses to market their products. At the same time, advanced technologies are o f help to prospects and customers in the process of sharing opinions and experiences related to the company’s product. However, the development of social media and communication technologies is both an opportunity and a threat to businesses. Social media and digital communication channels provide businesses with wider opportunities for marketing their products and communicating the clients. In addition, since people often buy in response to independent positive opinions (Silverman, 2001, p. 6), word of mouth, which is being spread fast nowadays, has even evolved into the appearance of new marketing concepts, such a world of mouth marketing and viral marketing. Making people talk about the product in a positive light is, according to Silverman (2001, p. 6), one of the most effective ways of making people buy the product.

Imagine you are the advisor to the Secretary General of OPEC. You are Essay

Imagine you are the advisor to the Secretary General of OPEC. You are asked to assess the ability of OPEC to manage the price of - Essay Example These members supply around 40% of the world’s oil (USA Congressional Record, 2007). Law of Supply and Demand (Mankiw, 2008) OPEC’s economic goal is to control production in order to raise the price of oil and eventually increase the generation of its members’ substantial profit. In a free market, the supply and demand tend to push the price at the level in which quantity supplied and quantity demanded are equal (Baumol and Blinder, 2008). Based on this law, it can be pictured out that when the supply of a normal good is low but its demand is higher, it substantially results to price increase. Thus, OPEC is on the right track of controlling production in order to maximise the oil resources of its members. In fact, it has a significant power to control the entire market considering that 70% of world oil reserve belongs to the cartel. Furthermore, OPEC targets to supply only 40% of the world’s oil consumption. This means that it has created influence on the world’s oil supply provided that the demand is higher and even reaching to an upward spiral due to rising economies. Oil is the lifeblood of the modern economy (Navarro, 2008). This means that every economy, developing or even highly developed will tend to maximise resources and even operations, but this cannot be addressed efficiently without relying heavily on oil supply. For instance, oil has become the very reason for every business to operate. From production, down to transportation and inside every household, oil is gaining a wide range of importance, function and economic role. Thus, oil is considered as a normal good and becomes the basic commodity in the world. Oil therefore has created a specific level of demand depending on a certain economy’s requirements in order to sustain and enhance its development and growth. However, from 1972 to 2008, it is noted that OPEC has been ineffective at maintaining cooperation among its members due to issues concerning rest riction of production (Mankiw, 2008). Mankiw explained that members were tempted to cheat their productions just to gain more profit advantage. As a result to this, the increase of oil price was never been successful on restricting production, but because of the increase in demand of worldwide consumption. As shown in Table 1, the price of oil per barrel increases over time. However, this increase was pointed out as barely influenced by OPEC’s success in restricting its production, but due to increase in market demand for the said commodity (Mankiw, 2008). In the mid-1980s OPEC members were having misunderstanding regarding on the regulatory issues of production. As a result, the production increased beyond the controllable limit as specified by OPEC. As the production of oil in the world market increased, there was more supply available leading to the decrease in price. Such decrease in price was clearly due to availability of supply, but what seems to be obvious was the des ire of some OPEC members to gain productive output from their oil resource. In 2007 to 2008, the price of oil substantially was higher. However, it was due to the increase of demand in the world oil market as there was an increasing number of emerging economies such as China (Mankiw, 2008). Table 1. History of oil price as influenced by OPEC regulation of production (Mankiw, 2008) Year Price per barrel 1972 $3 1974 $11 1981 $35 1986 $13 Income and substitution effect The positive income effect states that when the price of normal good decreases it leads to

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in Animal Breeding

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in Animal Breeding REVIEW OF LITERATURE Global Animal data bank for genetic resources documents more than 14,017 breeds of domesticated livestock species in over 181 countries. However, this is underestimations of indigenous farm animals of developing countries are yet to be documented (FAO, 2011). Hall, (2004) studied the two stage process to develop the enormous livestock biodiversity. 1) Domestication and 2) breed differentiation. Both theses stages involved genetic legitimate changes and are thus evolutionary and cultural. In these stages, farm animals/ populations have acquired unique adaptation in response to diverse environment. Genetic diversity of farm animal and their adaptability provides building blocks for very successful breed improvement programs. Moreover, the conservation and improvement of farm animal diversity is an opportunity to respond in future needs. The farm animal’s resources lost due to the heavy cross breeding schemes in recent past. There is urgent need for conservation of these resource s and documents Biometric traits generally used to characterize the different breeds of livestock as they are body confirmation. These traits are also used for comparison of growth in different individuals. Mostly body dimensions are used to indicate breed, origin and relationship or shape and size of individuals (Buchenauer, 1993). Body measures and indices estimated from different combinations of different body traits produced superior guide to weight and also used as indicator of type and function in farm animals (Schwabe and Hall, 1989; Salako, 2006). The objective of to measure the body dimensions could be improved the body shapes by enabling the breeders to recognize early maturity and late maturity of different animals size (Brown et al., 1973; 1974). The body dimensions could be achieved by grouping them more meaningfully. Significant difference in different body dimensions is due to the sex age and some reports in different breeds and species (Gilbert et al., 1993; Shahin et al., 1995; Pundir et al., 2007a,b,c; Singh et al., 2008; Yakuba et al., 2009 and Khuram, 2013) in Cattle; (Biedermann and SSchmucker, 1989, Jakubec et al., 1999; Miserani et al., 2002 and Sadak et al., 2006) in Horses and Sarako et al., 2006 in Sheep. Analyses of multivariate are used to obtained relationships among different body measurements. The PCA analysis can explain relationships in a better way when the recorded traits are used to obtain relationships among different body measures Hammock et al. (1986). This type of analysis transform original group of variables. The purpose of PCA analysis is to reduce a data set and describe to use easily (Yakuba et al., 2009). For breed improvement, multifactor analysis is mostly considering a group of attributes, which may be used for selection (Fumio et al., 1982). Multivariate analysis used to study the different biometric traits in Japanese black cattle, Swiss Dairy Cattle and White Fulani cattle (Fumio et al., 1982; Hammock et al., 1986; Karacaroen et al., 2008). Salako, 2006 and Sadek et al., 2009 used PCA analysis to study the different biometric traits in Uda sheep and in Arabian Horses, respectively. Tolenkhomba et al. (2012) measure 18 different biometric traits in Manipuri local cattle in India. They measure height at whiter, neck girth, body length, puch girth, ear length, tail length, switch length horn diameter circumference of horn, length of horn in 107 bulls. The average of these traits in this local animal indicates that this is a smaller type cattle breed. Promax rotation revealed 6 factors which explained about 69.77 % of the total variation. Factor 1 described the general body confirma tion and explained 21.93% of total variation. The results of this study revealed a significant high loading of height at wither, body length, heart girth, Puch girth and ear length. The ranged of communality from 0.493 to 0.782 and unique factor ranged from 0.507 to 0.218 for all traits. Pundir et al. (2011) studied the Kankaraj cattle and also used 18 different traits for body confirmation. Average body length, height at wither, height at shoulder, height at knee, heart girth were 123.44Â ±0.37, 124.49Â ±0.28, 94.68Â ±0.30, 38.2Â ±0.14, 162.56Â ±0.56, 178.95Â ±0.70, 44.09Â ±0.10, 15.91Â ±0.05, 42.47Â ±0.53, 26.07Â ±0.19,13.34Â ±0.08, 31.24Â ±0.12, 16.10Â ±0.05, 50.63Â ±0.18, 73.21Â ±0.32, 111.62Â ±0.53, 89.34Â ±0.34 and 17.28Â ±0.10 cm, respectively. They measured correlation of coeffiecnt between traits’ ranged from -0.806 to -0.815. Most of the correlations were positive and significant. They also used promax rotation with power 3 and find three factors, which explained about 66.02% of the total variation. Factor 1 described the body confirmation and explained 19.68% of total variation. The second factor described the front view and third back of the animal 7.44. Yakuba et al. (2009) also studied the factor analysis for body confirmation in white Fulani cattle. They find that age group significantly influenced all the measured traits. The correlation coeffiecnt of body measures ranged from 0.5-0.9 and 0.22-0.9 for 1.5-2 and 2.5-3.6 years. In factor solution of PCA analysis two factor with ratio of variation 85.37 in first group. In second age group four factors which explained 86.47% of the generalized variation were extracted. Salako et al. (2006) measured ten different biometric traits. The body measured includes Wither height (WH), Rump Width (RW), Tail length, rump length, rum height. Appling trational use of body size estimation, the animals measurements were BL=59.37Â ±4.50,RL=22.1Â ±1.12, RH=65.18Â ±6.06, RW=12.90Â ±1.24, FL=41.62Â ±2.29, SW=14.40Â ±1.45, FaL=21.47Â ±1.82, TL=40.72Â ±2.71 and HG=71.98Â ±4.30cm. Variation was observed within the body measurements. The first and second factor of their study was 67.6 and 11.03%. the first component contained measurements that are closely associated with bone growth while the second one to produce dimensions that are relatively less associated. In another study, Yakuba et al. (2011) determine the interdependence among the confirmation traits of Uda ram. The various constituent parts of the body developed at varying rates. This accounted for 86.3 % of the total variance. The first component alone explained 80 % of the variance and tended to describe general size, while second component for meat traits. Yakubu et al. (2013) studied the biometric traits of Yankasa sheep and measure different body traits. The body measurements taken were: withers height, rump height, body length, heart girth, tail length, face length, shoulder width, head width, rump width, ear length, fore leg length, hind leg length and rump length. General linear model was used to study the age group effect. Luanna et al. (2012) measured the Moroccan goat population and find the importance of body measure among individual’s and populations. The traits were wither height (WH), brisket height (BH) and ear length (EL). Thorax depth (WH-BH) and the three indices, TD/WH, EL/TD and EL/WH, were also calculated. The first component explained 99 % of the total variance. Importance of PCA analysis for Breed conservation Livestock species is results of a combination of various processes. These includes domestatication, migration, genetic isolation, environmental adaptation, selective breeding (Lacy, 1997). Small populations lose genetic variability because of genetic drift and inbreeding within populations. Lower variability suppress individuals fitness (Rege, 1999), resistance to disease and parasities and flexibility in coping with environmental challenges (Rege and lipner, 1992). Moreover, lower variation decreases fitness of population, resilience and ling term adaptability. Sheep breeds are far from uniform (Kruger, 2001) and this difference is the overall results of the fact that in thousands of years since animals were first domesticated (kohler-Rollefson, 2001; Hall, 2004). A large verity of breeds has been developed through adaptation to various ecological niches. These breeds grow quikly, produce tones of meat, wool and milk but rely on high quilty feed and need intensive veterinary care (Ramsey et al., 2000; FAO, 2007; Kunene et al., 2009) . Therefore the purpose of this study was to document the important native/ indigenous cattle breed and this review explain some important measurement for factor analysis. Correlations are established to set relationships between different body measurements. The factor and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can best explain the relationships in more appropriate way when the recorded traits are correlated. Principal components are the linear combination of original variables and in these kinds of analysis original group of variables are transformed into another group. The data set will be shortened by factor and principal component analysis so that it could be described in more accurate way. In recent years biometric measurements/traits of many others animal species has been published. Most of these worker studies the Body length (BL), Heart girth (HG), Face length (FL), Shoulder width (SW), Head width (HW), Foreleg length (FL), Hind leg length (HL), Rump height (RH), Rump width (RW), R ump length (RL), Cannon circumference (CC), Withers height (WH) and Tail length (TL) of some cattle breeds. A review on these parameters is as follows. Body length (BL): Production traits of beef cattle are directly related to body length (BL). A study on Fulani cattle showed a relationship with production (Yakubu et al., 2010). In a study on Kankrej cows it was formed that biometric trait has a strong relationship with high production of milk (Pundir et al., 2011). Muhammad et al. (2012) by using regression tree (RT) estimated body lengths of some sheep breeds in Baluchistan province. Face length (FL): Face length, lips area and nasal circumference show the behavior of animal feeding. In case of selection of elite animal face length parameter has an important role. Comparison between two breed, native and Holstein cattle showed that the production performance is greatly affected by differences in face length parameter (Meyer, 2005). A study was conducted on Uda sheep and it was observed that this breed has static variation for face length (Salako et al., 2006). Kankrej cattle have a wide variation with face length and it shows relationship with production traits (Pundir et al., 2011). Head width (HW): Head width is also an important parameter in the beef and dairy production. Significant effect in milk production is observed in Swiss dairy cattle and Frisian cattle due to a wide variation in head width (Karacaroen and Kadarmindeen, 2008). In a comparative study of some high and low producing cattle breeds it was observed that head width was significantly an important indicator of production (Khan et al., 2008). In case of evaluation process of production and domestication of animal this portion of body has its own importance (Yakubu et al., 2010). Heart girth (HG) Body weight of animal can be measured by measuring the heart girth (HG). Meyer, (2005) used multivariate restricted maximum likelihood analysis for measuring the some phenotypic measurements including heart girth (HG). They developed an easy procedure to handle large data sets of phenotypic observation in Australian Angus cattle. By studying the Fulani cattle it was observed that hearth girth has a close relation with production (Yakubu et al., 2009). Principal component analysis proved some meat quality variables along with body measurements including heart girth (Mulyono et al., 2009). In India a study was carried out on 407 Kankrej cattle and it was found that heart girth has a very significant relationship with production (Pundir et al., 2011). Shoulder width (SW): Shoulder width has relation in beef producing animal and it is a good indicator for the evaluation of beef producing animal (Shahin et al., 1995). Proportion of barrel attachment with shoulder width has significant indication in Red Sindhi cattle (Pundir et al., 2007b). A study was carried out on Fulani cattle and it was observed that shoulder width has a significant effect on production (Pundir et al., 2011). Foreleg length (FL): Price of animal can be fixed by considering by strength of legs. Foreleg length plays an important role in the indication of dairy and beef sector (Khan et al., 2008). Frisian cattle have less strength in forelegs as compared to Kankrej cattle (Pundir et al., 2011). Okpeku et al. (2011) Observed that the biometric traits have strong relationship with production. Hind leg length (HL): Like forelegs the animal strength is also directly proportional to the hind leg lengths (Khan et al., 2008). Frisian cattle have less strength in hind legs as compared to Kankrej cattle (Pundir et al., 2011). In a study on Perynean cattle proved that leg length is related somewhat with production (Casanova et al., 2011). Rump height (RH) : Rump height is important factor to judge the animal. Some morphometric observations were made on Swiss dairy cattle and some body measurements and functional traits were used including rump height (Karacaroen and Kadarmindeen 2008). A study on cattle also showed the relationship of this trait with production performance (Yakubu et al., 2009). In Kankerj cattle it was observed that rump height has significant effect on production performance (Pundir et al., 2011). Rump width (RW): In dairy and beef animal rump width (RW) has significant role. This part of body has its own and unique importance in evolutionary process (Simon et al., 1993). In a study on British breeds of cattle, rump width was also somewhat related with heavy weight and showed role in milk production (Schwabe et al., 1989). In Indian native cows observation showed that rump width has a role in weight of animal and production. In this study some anatomical observations were correlated with phenotypic observations (Singh et al., 2008). In study on white Fulani cattle rump width was also measured and was related to production (Yakubu et al., 2009). Rump length (RL): Rump length is an important indicator of dairy and beef animal as in rump width. It is one of the important parameter in body measurement to judge the animal. In some livestock breeds, it was observed that rump length has an effect on weight and production (Simon et al., 1993). Singh et al. (2008) explain some liner type traits with evaluation process in some native cattle breeds. Some biometric traits were studied on goat and reported relationship of rump length with meat characteristics (Okpeku et al., 2011). Casanova et al. (2011) studying Pyrenean cattle found that these biometric measurements best describe the specific beef or milk production characteristics. Wither height (WH): Wither height has its own importance in some cattle breeds for explaining body conformation. Wither height was measured in Sahiwal cattle and it was related to some production parameters (Khan et al., 2008). In Fulani cattle wither height was measured to explain body conformation and results showed that it is good parameter to judge a productive animal (Yakubu et al., 2009). In Perynean cattle PCA was used to explain the withers height (Casanova et al., 2011). In a study on Kankrej cows, the withers height was recorded in 403 cows. The average measurement of this trait was 124.49Â ±0.28 cm. The results of this study showed that withers height is very important to explain the body conformation in this breed (Pundir et al., 2011). Tail length (TL): In animal tail length is a defensive part of the body. This portion of the body has a very unique position in genetic diversity. Tail length is considered an important body portion in beef animal (Meyer, 2005).It was reported that tail length has direct importance on production performance in Fulani cattle (Yakubu et al., 2009) and has significant association with performance in Kankrej cattle (Pundir et al., 2011). The observations were also made on some Perynean cattle by studying biometric traits including tail length (Casanova et al., 2011).

Occupational Stress Essay -- Work Related Stress, Job Stress

Job stress has proven to be a difficult issue to tackle. Unlike physical or chemical hazards, there is not an obvious tangible hazardous agent. This issue has also been preempted by corporate stress management, health promotion, or employee assistance programs, which explain stress as a purely personal reaction, and often treat the symptoms, not the causes, of job stress. The occupational stress field also has been plagued by a variety of definitions and difficulties in measurement of stress.(Buunk,De-Jong,Y-Bemas&De wolff,1998) In addition, changes in job design or work organization are often inherently more "systems challenging" and require more radical restructuring of workplaces than reducing levels of exposure to toxic substances or ergonomic hazards. According to Mclean (1979) stress affect everyone in the workplace whether blue collar or white collar workers. Hughes (1971, p342) supported Mclean by stating that† the essential problems of men at work are the same whether they do their work in some famous laboratory or in the messiest vat room of a pickle factory† So this essay will review the major explanations that have been given for the higher rates of stress amongst working women’s based of the interview conducted on south African female worker. Part one of this paper will discuss how the factors such as Gender’s, race, marital status can cause stress among workers. In the second part work related factors such as heavy workload demand, control over work ,rewards and poor social relationship will be discussed. Lastly changes facing South African workplaces shall be discussed. The issue of stress is complicated because there is no single definitions that allows one to defines it .According to Buunk at al (1998) psychol... ...(1978). Stress at work: Chichester .J-Wiley Eckenrode J, & Gore ,S (1990). Stress between work and family: New York .Plenum press. Frankenhaeuser ,M ,Landberg U, & Chesney ,M. (1991).Women work and health :Stress opportunities .New York :Plenum press Friesen ,D & Sarros ,J (1989). Sources of burnout among educators :Journal of organizational behaviour,10 p.p 179-188 Gale group(2004). Bad relationship affect women more . Retrieved 14 march 2005 from http://www.findaeticle.com./mobsc/18-10/62085373/p1/article. Karasek RA. Control in the workplace and its health-related aspects. In Job Control and Worker Health, eds. SL Sauter, JJ Hurrell, CL Cooper. New York: Wiley, 1989; 129-159. Philips,D.L.& Segal .B.E (1969). Sexual status and psychiatric symptoms. American sociological review,34,58-7Shostaka,B(1980).Blue-collar stress :London .Addison –wesley.

Araby †James Joyce Essay

One of the most intriguing works by Irish writer James Joyce is â€Å"Araby† in which a young boy, who is the narrator, leads a carefree life in a Dublin neighborhood before falling in love with his friend’s sister. He is always watching her steps, every single morning. When they finally speak, the girl mentions the existence of an exotic bazaar in town, named â€Å"Araby†. The narrator then becomes obssessed with the idea of going to the bazaar to bring the girl a present. Nevertheless, disappointment is an important theme of the novel. The young boy is ultimately faced with reality when he goes to Araby and realizes that he cannot afford the things that are sold there. In others words, Joyce deals with the dichotomy of fantasy versus reality in â€Å"Araby†, giving it a rather pessimistic approach, where reality and its negativity prevail. In order to better comprehend Joyce’s â€Å"Araby†, it is important to understand the author’s biography and the time in history in which â€Å"Dubliners† was written. Joyce was born in a poor family in February of 1884. His father had several jobs and his mother was a devout Catholic. A young Joyce eventually moved to Paris, where he worked as a teacher and journalist, and later, during World War I, he took refuge in Zurich, Switzerland. Since Joyce spent great part of his adult life outside of Ireland, â€Å"Dubliners† is written through the eyes of a â€Å"refugee†, as a member of Dublin’s society who is also an outsider. Through â€Å"Dubliners† and its short stories, including â€Å"Araby†, Joyce describes life in Dublin, how religion influenced and dominated Irish society and how a national identity came to be. At that time, Ireland, a country that had suffered the horrors of the Great Famine in the past along with the death and emigration of millions of its people was now struggling culturally and politically to create its own identity and breakaway from British political control and cultural influence. The conflict between Catholics and Protestants was at its peak, as the entire island was under United Kingdom’s rule. In other words, Ireland and its society were going through a turbulent period in history, which affected Joyce’s use of language in â€Å"Dubliners† as well as the themes cointained in his works, such as religion, the hardships of reality and Anglo-Irish relations. â€Å"Dubliners† is a unique compilation of stories because it follows a chronological pattern. â€Å"Araby† falls in the category of â€Å"childhood†, because its narrator is a young boy and also due to the fact that one of its central themes is growth and maturity. In order for such growth to take place, â€Å"Araby† follows a clear sequence of events, which is described by William York Tindall in â€Å"A Reader’s Guide to James Joyce† as â€Å"illusion, disillusionment and coming to awareness† (19). These three elements that result in the character’s growth are well defined in the story. Mangan’s sister and the bazaar both represent illusion. Disillusionment is present when the narrator goes to â€Å"Araby† and realizes that it is not what he had expected. Finally, disillusionment is shown in the end, when he comes to the conclusion that he is not able to buy Mangan’s sister a gift, which in turn, leads to the final moment of epiphany, a concept that will be further discussed. Another essential aspect to â€Å"Araby† is the presence of images and symbols throughout the story, in particular those with religious conotations. Since religion and the church played an important role in Irish society and Joyce was Irish himself, religious themes are abundant in some of Joyce’s works, â€Å"Araby† being one of them. Religious imagery is present in the very beginning of the story, when the narrator mentions that the former tenant of the house where he lives was a priest. The house itself also contains religious symbol, in this case, in the garden: † The wild garden behind the house contained a central apple-tree and a few struggling bushes under one of which I found the late tenant’s rusty bicycle-pump† (373). It is evident that the apple-tree in the story evokes images of the Adam and Eve passage in the Bible, where they were tempted to eat the â€Å"forbidden fruit† which was an apple. Mangan’s sister, the â€Å"object† of the narrator’ affection, is perhaps the most significant religious symbol in the story. The narrator is devoted to her much like a religious person is devoted to God or a Saint. The connection between Mangan’s sister and religious worship is shown in the passage where the narrator goes marketing with his aunt, while passing through the crowded and disorganized streets: I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through the throng of foes. Her [Mangan’s sister] name sprang to my lips at moments in strange prayers and praises which I myself did not understand My eyes were often full of tears (I could not tell why) and at times a flood from my heart seemed to pour itself out into my bosom (179). The narrator’s feelings to Mangan’s sister are so intense to the point of being compared to a religious experience. When he mentions Mangan’s sister name in â€Å"strange prayers† he is describing the powerful effect that she has on him, like the power of a prayer to a religious person. To the narrator, her name in the strange prayers has the same force as the name of Jesus or Mary in a traditional Catholic prayer. Cleanth Brooks, Jr. and Robert Penn Warren reinforce the link between the narrator’s desire and religion in their work, titled â€Å"The Chalice Bearer† by affirming that â€Å"(†¦ ) when he [the narrator] speaks of his confused adoration, we see that the love of the girls takes on, for him, something of the nature of a mystic, religious experience. The use of the very word confused hints of the fact that romantic love and religious love are mixed up in his mind† (95). The narrator, thus, is yet to discover reality. He is still trapped in a world of illusion where the lines of pure, religious love and physical desire are somewhat blurred. The bazaar, called Araby, furthers the narrator into illusionment. The name of the bazaar evokes images of a far and exotic place: â€Å"The syllables of the word Araby were called to me through the silence in which my soul luxuriated and cast an Eastern enchantment over me† (375). It can be argued that the bazaar also represents a religious symbol in the story. Such view is supported by William York Tindall: â€Å"The Church, after all, is a more or less Oriental foundation, and the ecclesiastical suggestion of Araby (â€Å"not some Freemason affair†) is supported by metaphor† (20). In other words, Araby can be regarded as a religious institution that takes over the life of the narrator. His anticipation of the visit to the bazaar becomes a focal point of his life, interfering with his everyday activities: â€Å"I answered few questions in class. I watched my master’s face pass from amiability to sternness†¦ I could not call my wandering thoughts together† (375). The story ends with dissapointment and frustration when the boy arrives at the bazaar and realizes that most mof the stalls are closed, and even if they were open, he would not be able to buy Mangan’s sister a gift. The narrator finally understands that life is harsh. In other words, â€Å"Araby† presents a moment of epiphany. Nevertheless, Joyce goes against the traditional concept of epiphany in â€Å"Araby. † Epiphany is usually associated with enlightment and positive growth whereas in â€Å"Araby† epiphany is linked with negativity. Such idea is supported by Florence L. Walzl in â€Å"A Companion to Joyces’ Studies. She argues that: † His [the narrator] inability to buy even a trinket for the girl and his perception of the inanity of the flirtation he has just witnessed climax in an epiphanic vison, not of light, but of darkness† (175). With such statement, Walzl acknowledges that the pattern of â€Å"illusion, disillutionment and coming to awareness† in the story comes â€Å"full circle†. Instead of enlightment, the narrator’s epiphany causes him to become bitter: † Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger† (377). Since religious symbols are a constant presence in the story, it has been argued that the narrator’s disappointment is, in reality, disappointment with the Church and the values that it represents. This position is shared by Florence Walzl in her conclusion of her analysis: At the narrative level, â€Å"Araby† manifests disillusionment in young love; at a symbolic level, it represents disillusionment in the theological virtue of charity. Faith, hope and love are diminished in this first triad of tales of childhood (176). In conclusion, â€Å"Araby† is a story of a young love. As such, it presents moments of illusion throughout most of the story. However, illusion is shattered by the narrator’s dark epiphany. A closer analysis of â€Å"Araby† reveals that there is more to the story than a young boy’s first love. The abundance of religious imagery shows the readers that the story is very much about criticism of the Church’s role in the lives of the Irish people and its effect on a nation that was struggling politically to be free from the United Kingdom’s influence and ideologically, with the animosity between Catholics and Protestants.

The State Is a Necessary Evil Essay Essays

The State Is a Necessary Evil Essay Essays The State Is a Necessary Evil Essay Paper The State Is a Necessary Evil Essay Paper State. can be defined in political scientific discipline. as by and large a group of people populating a specific district and populating harmonizing to a common legal and political authorization ; a organic structure politic or state. In this definition. the term province includes authorities ; in another use. the two footings are synonymous. [ Microsoft  ® Encarta  ® 2009.  © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserve ] . George Washington said that authorities is non ground authorities is non eloquence. It is force and. like fire. it is a unsafe retainer and a fearful maestro. The above statement under treatment can be obtained or deduced from Thomas Pain quoted â€Å"Society in every province is a approval. but authorities. even in its best province. is but a necessary immorality ; in its worst province an unbearable one ; for when we suffer or are exposed to the same wretchednesss by a authorities. which we might anticipate in a state without authorities. our catastrophe is heightened by reflecting that we furnish the agencies by which we suffer† [ Thomas Paine. Common Sense 1776 ] . It has been said that all Government is an evil. It would be more proper to state that the necessity of any Government is a bad luck. This necessity nevertheless exists ; and the job to be solved is. non what signifier of Government is perfect. but which of the signifiers is least imperfect. Thomas Jefferson said in his first inaugural reference ( March 4. 1801 ) that a wise and economical government†¦ shall keep work forces from wounding one another. shall go forth them otherwise free to modulate their ain chases of industry and betterment. and shall non take from the oral cavity of labour the staff of life it has earned. This is the amount of good authorities. â€Å"Why has authorities been instituted at all? Alexander Hamilton. a Federalist said the passions of work forces will non conform to the dictates of ground and justness without restraint. Government is instituted for the common good ; for the protection. safety. prosperity. and felicity of the people ; and non for net income. award. or private involvement of any one adult male. household. or category of work forces ; hence. the people entirely have an incontestible. inalienable. and indefeasible right to establish authorities ; and to reform. alter. or wholly change the same. when their protection. safety. prosperity. and happiness require it [ John Adams. Ideas on Government 1776 ] . Its necessity can be shown even if we assume that. because of their ( the people’s ) gradualness. or beatific goodness. cipher of all time harms anybody else. In such a universe at that place would still be weaker and stronger work forces. and the weaker 1s would hold no legal right to be tolerated by the stronger 1s. but would owe them gratitude for their being so sort as to digest them. Those ( whether strong or weak ) who think this an unsatisfactory province of personal businesss. and who think that every individual should hold a right to populate. and that every individual should hold a legal claim to be protected against the power of the strong. will hold that we need a province that protects the rights of all [ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. liberalsindia. com/introduction/liberalpositionpapers/liberalpositionpapers2. php ] . â€Å"If work forces were angels. no authorities would be necessary. If angels were to regulate work forces. neither external nor internal controls on authorities would be necessary. In bordering a authorities which is to be administered by work forces over work forces. the great trouble lies in this: you must first enable the authorities to command the governed ; and in the following topographic point. compel it to command itself. † – James Madison. Federalist No. 51 February 8. 1788 Why so is authorities a necessary immorality? Its necessity has been explained but why is it so evil? Government is a signifier of insurance for society. It regulates and promotes societal contracts ( I won’t kill or steal from you if you promise non to kill or steal from me ) . Without authorities. there would be no society. Too much authorities and you have no freedom doing it a necessary immorality. Furthermore. It is easy to see that the province must be a changeless danger. or ( as I have ventured to name it ) an evil. though a necessary 1. For if the province is to carry through its map. it must hold more power at any rate than any individual private citizen or public corporation ; and although we might plan establishments to minimise the danger that these powers will be misused. we can neer extinguish the danger wholly. On the contrary. it seems that most work forces will ever hold to pay for the protection of the province. non merely in the signifier of revenue enhancements but even in the signifier of humiliation suffered. for illustration. at the custodies of intimidation functionaries. The thing is non to pay excessively to a great extent for it. Third. when two or more people live in the same country they must hold somehow to restrict their rights where rights overlap. For illustration. H2O must be shared. They do this because the approvals of cooperation are better than the solitariness of rights. Then come the misinterpretations: some people neer learn to understand rights. they think it’s victors take all.

The Rigorous Business Of Budgeting For International Operations Coursework

The Rigorous Business Of Budgeting For International Operations Coursework The Rigorous Business Of Budgeting For International Operations – Coursework Example The Rigorous Business of Budgeting for International Operations SUMMARY Foreign matters have an intense effect of the budgeting activities of international firms. International organizations argue with a variety of external aspects, internal reflections, and other dynamics that affect budget policies, structure, and control. External aspects influencing budgeting operations of multinational firms include exchange rates of foreign currencies, rates of interest, and inflation (Milani and Rivera 38). Exchange rates of foreign currencies are the most influential ones as they influence an international firm through translation, dealing, and financial experiences. The Fisher Effect, International Fisher Effect, and rate of interest uniformity connections contribute to the rate of interest’s effect on global companies. Lastly, inflation affects multinationals by centering on differences between nations and securing purchasing power uniformity and applying the Fisher Effect (Milani an d Rivera 42).The main point of the article is that dealing with multinational risk is the core of budgeting for foreign subsidiaries. However, moving pricing and stock policy also affects global budgeting intensely (Milani and Rivera 38).The first point of interest is that global budgeting remains an uncertain practice even with concrete findings and strong geopolitical regulations. Second, multinational organizations should be continually alert and conscious of this uncertainty because it is more prevalent and undesirable than widely presumed. Lastly, multinational firms take on the demanding business of budgeting for translational activities because it is expected of their budgetary operations (Milani and Rivera 49).This article is important to a finance and accounting class because identifies with accounting standards necessary for learners in this class. The article presents a thorough and confined case of multinational dealings with budgeting across developed and developing eco nomies across he world.Points I would like to discuss in class are:Cost budgets and their roles in transnational budgetingCapital and liquid budgetingTransfer valuationThe overall image of budget control or regulationMilani, Ken and Juan Rivera. The Rigorous Business of Budgeting for International Operations. Management Accounting Quarterly, 5.2(2004): 38-50.

Aalsmeer Flower Auction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Aalsmeer Flower Auction - Essay Example The researcher states that FloraHolland flower auction plays a key role in the Netherlands, land of Floriculture where its position as marketplace fulfils the role of matchmaker, intermediary and knowledge center. FloraHolland itself operate a nationally operating intermediary organization and import department. In a market that is characterized by upscaling and internationalization, FloraHolland wants to maintain and increase its strong market position. By offering the best and broadest assortment, FloraHolland wishes to tie (international) commerce flows to the marketplaces. FloraHolland offers its members the best sales opportunities at the lowest possible costs. FloraHolland is a service providing company that is not focused on generating profit – Mission Vision. FloraHolland or Aalsmeer Flower Auction need to refocus its resources to continue to be relevant in this day and age with the emergence of alternative, electronically driven flower markets. To widen its market bas e and influence Aalsmeer Flower action should meet the needs of retailers. Retailers are also dependent on its consumers that demand for fresh products, more varieties, smaller quantities and multiple deliveries each week. Rightly or wrongly, the retailers felt that they should have more influence on supply. Business Requirements Aalsmeer Flower Auction needs to meet the requirement of its retailers among other things with the use of information technology using the correct strategy. The information technology strategy should be able to enable the delivery of Fresh products to the retailers at the shortest possible time and with minimum expense. Generalized model of exchange processes – Kambil and Van Heck 1996. The Grower should make the following information available: Grower ID: Batch number; Batch Type; Batch Availability Schedule; Batch Volume; Initial Price; Last Price The Auction transaction file should have the following information: Order reference number; Batch numb er; Batch Type; Batch Availability Schedule; Volume purchased; Price; Auction reference number; Transport code Logistic Providers should make the following available for the retailers. Logistic Provider ID; Transport Schedule (Departure Time and place – Arrival Time and Place); Transport Type; Maximum Volume The Logistic transaction file should have the following information: Logistic Provider ID; Transport Schedule; Order reference number; The above data profile assumes that the retailer, grower and logistic-provider identification database are normalized. The process flow is described as follows: When a grower put a batch of his harvest to the auction, all details shall be flashed on the board. For each transaction using the auction clock where a retailer purchase a portion of the batch, the board display will display the new volume up for auction. When a retailer completes his transaction, he will then pick the logistical support provider and purchase a room for his newly purchased flowers. The Logistic provider shall make his availability or the available room he can still accommodate to the message board.

Summarize the article provided into one page Essay

Summarize the article provided into one page - Essay Example Feyerabend makes the claim that, unlike religion, science does not leave room for people to think freely. People have become so dependent on science that once something has been scientifically proven, it becomes law. Feyerabend says that it is this that has made science an anti-liberating ideology; people have regarded science as the superior mode of thought, refusing to let themselves think past anything that science has staked a claim. The counterargument in this regard is that science works and is a success. However, this is all the more reason to approach science with skepticism. Feyerabend does not consider results or success as much as he considers the method, which is always scientific; otherwise, the results are questionable. In regard to religion, Christians can question their beliefs against Buddhists and Jews. For each person, there will be a new side to an argument or theory. Science, on the other hand, does not allow this as an option. Once something has been proven scientifically, people let it go. They have no one else to glean an understanding from. Where there is an absence of contrary opinions, science is turned from an ideology into a dogma, providing a cut-off point for people to continue to think. People react to science much as they did when religions began to rise and spread. There was curiosity, skepticism, and a plethora of questions. Even after the rush of religion died down, all of this remained. When science first reared its head, it received a similar reaction. Everyone was curious and scientists set out to answer questions and find solutions. After they answered what they needed to, there was nothing more to do. People found it useless to continue to think on something that had already been answered. All the same, science is looked to as one of the greatest ideologies, and as the final voice on the thinking process, which is why Feyerabend believes that the hype surrounding science should not